The Influence of Morphological Characteristics on the Ball Throwing Velocity in the Professional Handball Players / Influencia de las Características Morfológicas en la Velocidad de Lanzamiento del Balón en los Jugadores Profesionales de Balonmano

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine influence of upper limbs on the ball throwing velocity. A total of 10 professional handball players (25.74±4.84 years) participated in this study. All of them were playing in the top Montenegrin professional handball league. The results obtained in this study shows that upper limbs have high influence on ball throwing velocity. This study provides normative data and performance standards for professional handball. Coaches can use this information to determine the type of anthropometric characteristics that are needed for handball. Anthropometric parameters such as arm length, wrist diameter, hand length and arm span are the most relevant aspects related to ball throwing speed, given that these parameters cannot be changed through training, they should be taken into account when discovering talents.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de los miembros superiores sobre la velocidad de lanzamiento de la pelota. En el estudio participaron un total de 10 jugadores profesionales de balonmano (25,74±4,84 años). Todos ellos jugaban en la principal liga profesional de balonmano de Montenegro. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los miembros superiores tienen una alta influencia en la velocidad de lanzamiento de la pelota. Este estudio proporciona datos normativos y estándares de rendimiento para el balonmano profesional. Los entrenadores pueden utilizar esta información para determinar el tipo de características antropométricas necesarias para el balonmano. Los parámetros antropométricos como la longitud del brazo, el diámetro de la muñeca, la longitud de la mano y la envergadura del brazo son los aspectos más relevantes relacionados con la velocidad de lanzamiento de la pelota, dado que estos parámetros no se pueden cambiar mediante el entrenamiento, deben tenerse en consideración a la hora de descubrir talentos.

Analysis of upper limbs strength training in table tennis / Análise do treinamento de força em membros superiores no tênis de mesa / Análisis del entrenamiento de fuerza en miembros superiores en el tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: The strength training of superior members currently practiced in the university courses does not correspond to the real necessities of the athletes, demanding the development of optimized methods for more expressive performance gains. To create these methods, it is necessary to collect data scientifically to consolidate a solid analysis for improvement. Objective: Analyze upper limbs strength training in table tennis players. Methods: During the experiment, 20 students were randomly divided into groups to perform daily training according to the original table tennis training plan. The experimental group received a schematized protocol improving the existing teaching by adding upper limb strength training. The experiment totaled eight weeks, with one hour of training conducted twice a week. Results: In the experimental group, the attack distance index increased by 25.378%, the one-minute attack swing index increased by 0.585%, the swing index increased by 12.795%, and the technical attack index increased by 11.452%. Conclusion: The improved upper limb strength training method presented in the protocol of this article can optimize athletes' muscle strength, increasing balance and swing ability, positively influencing the technical score and final sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de força de membros superiores atualmente praticados nos cursos universitários não correspondem às reais necessidades dos atletas, exigindo o desenvolvimento de métodos otimizados para ganhos de desempenho mais expressivos. Para a confecção desses métodos, é necessário efetuar-se uma coleta de dados de maneira científica afim de consolidar uma análise sólida para aprimoramento. Objetivo: Analisar o treinamento de força dos membros superiores nos praticantes de tênis de mesa. Métodos: Durante o experimento, 20 estudantes foram aleatoriamente divididos em um grupo para efetuar o treinamento diário de acordo com o plano original de treinamento do tênis de mesa, enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu um protocolo esquematizado aprimorando o ensino existente, adicionando o treinamento de força para os membros superiores. O experimento totalizou 8 semanas, com uma hora de treino realizado duas vezes por semana. Resultados: No grupo experimental, o índice de distância de ataque aumentou 25,378%, o índice de balanço de ataque de um minuto aumentou 0,585%, o índice de balanço aumentou 12,795% e o índice técnico de ataque aumentou 11,452%. Conclusão: O método aperfeiçoado de treinamento de força dos membros superiores apresentados no protocolo deste artigo pode otimizar a força muscular dos atletas, aumentando a capacidade de equilíbrio e balanço, influenciando positivamente na pontuação técnica e desempenho esportivo final. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza de miembros superiores actualmente practicado en los cursos universitarios no corresponde a las necesidades reales de los atletas, exigiendo el desarrollo de métodos optimizados para ganancias de rendimiento más expresivas. Para la confección de estos métodos, es necesario recopilar datos de forma científica con el fin de consolidar un análisis sólido para su mejora. Objetivo: Analizar el entrenamiento de fuerza de los miembros superiores en practicantes de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Durante el experimento, 20 estudiantes se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo para realizar un entrenamiento diario según el plan de entrenamiento original de tenis de mesa, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió un protocolo esquematizado que mejoraba la enseñanza existente añadiendo un entrenamiento de fuerza de las extremidades superiores. El experimento duró 8 semanas, con una hora de entrenamiento dos veces por semana. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el índice de distancia de ataque aumentó un 25,378%, el índice de balanceo de ataque de un minuto aumentó un 0,585%, el índice de balanceo aumentó un 12,795% y el índice de ataque técnico aumentó un 11,452%. Conclusión: El método mejorado de entrenamiento de la fuerza de las extremidades superiores presentado en el protocolo de este artículo puede optimizar la fuerza muscular de los atletas, aumentando el equilibrio y la capacidad de balanceo, influyendo positivamente en la puntuación técnica y en el rendimiento deportivo final. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on premotor cortex on upper limb motor function in patients with severe stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on premotor cortex (PMC) on upper limb motor function in patients with severe stroke. MethodsFrom June, 2021 to December, 2022, 60 patients with severe stroke in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 20), primary motor cortex (M1) group (n = 20) and PMC group (n = 20). All the groups accepted routine rehabilitation treatment, while the control group accepted atDCS pseudo stimulation to the focus side PMC, M1 group accepted atDCS to the focus side M1, and PMC group accepted atDCS to the focus side PMC, for six weeks. Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the surface electromyography root mean square (RMS) ratio of affected/unaffected side of triceps and extensor carpus were used to evaluate the efficacy before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of FMA-UE and WMFT, and RMS ratio of triceps and extensor carpus significantly increased in all the groups (|t| > 2.458, P < 0.05), and were better in PMC group than in the other two groups (F > 4.084, P < 0.05). ConclusionatDCS on PMC could improve the overall function of upper limb in patients with severe stroke.

Effect of bilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function of upper limbs in stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of bilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the motor function of upper limbs in stroke patients. MethodsFrom December, 2020 to December, 2022, 62 stroke inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 31) and observation group (n = 31). Both groups accepted conventional medicine and rehabilitation, as well as electroacupuncture antagonistic muscle therapy. Before electroacupuncture, the observation group acceped low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at primary motor cortex (M1) on the healthy side, followed by intermittent theta burst stimulation at M1 on the affected side, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and motor evoked potential (MEP) latency was compared before and after treatment. ResultsOne patient dropped down in the observation group, and no adverse event happened. After treatment, the scores of FMA-UE and MBI significantly increased (|t| > 9.953, P < 0.001), and the score of MAS and the latency of MEP significantly decreased (|t| > 5.043, P < 0.001) in both groups; while all of them were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.237, P < 0.05). ConclusionBilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can effectively promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients.

Lesiones del plexo braquial en adultos: una revisión narrativa de la literatura / Brachial plexus injuries in adults: a narrative review of the literature

La patología traumática del plexo braquial comprende un amplio espectro de lesiones potencialmente devastadoras para la funcionalidad de los pacientes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura enfocada en el diagnóstico y estudio de las lesiones del plexo braquial en adultos, además de entregar nociones básicas sobre el manejo de esta compleja patología

Traumatic brachial plexus injuries comprise a wide spectrum of lesions that are potentially devastating to the functionality of the patients. The aim of the present review is to perform a narrative review of the literature focused on the diagnosis and study of brachial plexus injuries in adults, in addition to providing basic guidelines on the management of this complex pathology.

Combining motor imagery therapy with kinesio taping can improve the upper limb motor functioning of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of combining motor imagery therapy (MIT) with kinesio taping in rehabilitating the upper limb motor function of stroke survivors.Methods:Ninety-two stroke survivors were randomized into a control group ( n=31), an MIT group ( n=31), and a combination group ( n=30). All were given 40 minutes of basic rehabilitation therapy daily, while the MIT group received additional MIT therapy, and the combination group received kinesio taping with the MIT therapy. The taping was applied according to a patient′s condition and changed every other day. The MIT was conducted twice a day. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, six days a week. Before and after the 8 weeks, the upper limb functioning, ability in the activities of daily living and muscle tension of each subject were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the upper extremities (FMA-UE), the Hong Kong version of the functional test for a hemiplegic upper extremity (FTHUE-HK), the modified Barthel index (MBI) and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Results:The average post-treatment FMA-UE and MBI scores of the combination group were significantly higher than those of the MIT group, and both were significantly higher than the control group′s averages. The average FTHUE-HK grading of the combination group and MIT group after the treatment was significantly higher than in the control group, with that of the combination group significantly superior to the MIT group′s average. After the intervention the average MAS rating of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusion:MIT combined with Kinesio taping can significantly improve the upper limb motor functioning of stroke survivors, and significantly reduce their abnormal muscle tone compared to traditional treatments.

Prevention from PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs of malignant tumor patients with moxibustion combined with plucking at Jiquan (HT 1): a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) for preventing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs of malignant tumor patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 malignant tumor patients undergoing PICC were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the control group, the routine care for PICC was exerted. In the observation group, besides the routine care, moxibustion combined with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) was added. Mild moxibustion was exerted along the venous distribution of PICC (avoiding the entry site) for 10 to 15 min, and then, the circling moxibustion was applied to Quchi (LI 11), Xuehai (SP 10) and Tianfu (LU 3), 3 to 5 min at each acupoint. Finally, plucking technique was given at Jiquan (HT 1) for 5 to 10 min. This combined therapy was intervened since the 2nd day of PICC placement, once daily, 5 times a week, for 3 weeks totally. The incidence of the PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs was compared between the two groups on day 42 of placement. On day 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of PICC placement, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the subclavicular vein on the placement side were observed separately in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of the PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (2.5% [1/40] vs 17.5% [7/40], P<0.05). From day 7 to 35 of PICC placement, PSV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was higher than that on the day 2 of PICC placement in the observation group (P<0.05). On day 28 and 42 of PICC placement, PSV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was lower than that on the day 2 of PICC placement in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side was higher than that on the day 2 of PICC placement from day 7 to 28 of PICC placement (P<0.05). In the control group, EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side from day 28 to 42 of PICC placement was lower than that on the day 2 of PICC placement (P<0.05). From day 7 to 42 of PICC placement, PSV and EDV of the subclavicular vein on the placement side in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combined treatment of moxibustion with plucking technique at Jiquan (HT 1) can effectively prevent PICC-related venous thrombosis in the upper limbs and improve venous blood flow velocity in malignant tumor patients.

The effects of functional electric stimulation and upper limb cycle training on upper limb motor function and daily living activities post-stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of combining functional electric stimulation (FES) with upper limb cycle training in rehabilitating upper limb motor function and ability in the activities of daily living after a stroke.Methods:Sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. In addition to conventional rehabilitation therapy, the experimental group underwent 20 minutes of MOTOmed upper limb cycle training every day while receiving FES. The control group received only the 20 minutes of cycle training. Before and after 4 weeks, Brunnstrom staging was used to quantify hand and upper extremity functioning. The Fulg-Meyer assessment upper extremity scale (FMA-UE) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were also used before the training and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the treatments.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment, significant differences were observed in the average BS scores of both groups compared with before the intervention. The average hand and upper limb stages of the experimental group were significantly better than the control group′s averages. Significant improvement was also observed in the average FMA-UE and MBI scores of both groups after only one week, with significantly greater improvement in the experimental group.Conclusions:Supplementing upper limb cycle training with FES can significantly improve the upper limb motor function and ability in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors. It is more effective than the MOTOmed exercise alone.

Efeito de diferentes intensidades do exercício antagonista no desempenho de repetições dos agonistas em séries pareadas / Effect of different intensities of antagonist exercise on agonist repetitions performance in paired series

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito agudo de diferentes intensidades em séries pareadas agonistas e antagonistas sobre o desempenho de repetições máximas. Participaram de estudo, 12 homens recreacionalmente treinados (idade: 25.83 ± 3.43 anos; peso: 76.33 ± 5.58 kg; altura 1.72 ± 0.04 metros; IMC: 25.95 ± 1.34 kg/m²). Os procedimentos foram separados em cinco sessões: o primeiro encontro constou de anamnese, medidas antropométricas e teste de 10 repetições máximas (RM) nos exercícios rosca bíceps supinada com barra (RB) e tríceps no pulley (TP). Nos demais encontros, os participantes executaram o máximo de repetições no RB com 80% da carga de 10RM após realizarem, de maneira aleatória e em dias separados, um dos 4 protocolos de diferentes intensidades na musculatura antagonista (TP): Protocolo controle (PC), 10 repetições com 40% de 10RM (P40), 10 repetições com 60% de 10RM (P60) e 10 repetições com 80% de 10RM (P80). Para a análise estatística foi realizada uma ANOVA de medidas repetidas e o nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0.05. Os resultados demonstraram que maiores intensidades (P60 = 15.83 ± 0.94 repetições e P80 = 16.42 ± 0.79 repetições) possibilitaram um aumento significativo (p < 0.05) no desempenho de repetições quando comparado ao PC (14.83 ± 0.72 repetições). Além disso, P80 foi também superior ao P40 (15.25 ± 0.97 repetições, p = 0.00), mostrando existir uma dosagem mínima (60% de 10RM) para a melhora de desempenho no método pareado agonista e antagonista. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to verify the acute effect of different intensities of paired agonist and antagonist series on the performance of maximum repetitions. Twelve recreational trained men participated in the study (age: 25.83 ± 3.43 years; weigth: 76.33 ± 5.58 kg; height 1.72 ± 0.04 meters; IMC: 25.95 ± 1.34 kg/m²). The experimental procedure took place over five sessions: the first consisted of anamnesis, anthropometric measurements and a test of 10 maximum repetitions (RM) in the barbell curved supine (RB) and triceps pulley (TP) exercises. nother meetings, the participants performed maximum repetitions in the RB with 80% of the 10RM load after performing, in random order and on separate days, one of the 4 protocols of different intensities in the antagonist musculature (TP): Control protocol (PC), 10 repetitions with 40% of 10RM (P40), 10 repetitions with 60% of 10RM (P60) and 10 repetitions with 80% of 10RM (P80). For the statistical analysis, an ANOVA was performed and the level of significance adopted was p <0.05. The results showed that higher intensities (P60 = 15.83 ± 0.94 repetitions e P80 = 16.42 ± 0.79 repetitions) enabled a significant increase in repetition performance when compared to CP (14.83 ± 0.72 repetitions). In addition, P80 was also superior to P40 (15.25 ± 0.97 repetitions, p = 0.00), showing that there is a minimum dosage (60% of 10RM) to improve performance in the paired agonist and antagonist method. (AU)

Effect of Action Observation Therapy on Upper Limb Motor Function for Severe Hemiplegics / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effects of action observation therapy on upper limb severe hemiplegia. Methods:From January to June, 2019, 40 patients with severe hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and observation group (n = 20). Before routine rehabilitation training, the observation group watched the videos about activities and movements of arms and hands, and then were asked to imagine their affected arms and hands to complete these movements. The control group watched the videos of orderly geometric figures, letters and others without body and animals. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Motor Assessment Scale-Upper Extremities (MAS-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and four weeks after treatment. Results:The scores of FMA-UE, MAS-UE and MBI improved after treatment (t > 2.854, P < 0.05), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (F > 4.395, P < 0.05). Conclusion:action observation therapy can further improve upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with severe hemiplegia after stroke.

Effects of BTE System Intensive Training on Upper Limbs after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of BTE system intensive training on upper limbs for cervical spinal cord injured patients in various courses. Methods:From June, 2019 to January, 2020, 60 inpatients with traumatic C6-7 spinal cord injury were selected into sub-acute group (one to two months after surgery, n = 15), recovery group (three to six months after surgery, n = 15), stable group (over six months after surgery, n = 15) according to the course of disease, and control group (over six months after surgery, n = 15). The control group received comprehensive rehabilitation, while the other groups received upper limbs intensive training on BTE system in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Upper Extremity Motor Score (UEMS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM), meassured isometric peak torque (IPT) and isotonic extreme muscle endurance (IEE) of bilateral elbow extensors before and after treatment. Results:All the indexes improved after treatment (t > 3.500, P < 0.01), and they were significantly different among the groups (F > 9.257, P < 0.001), in which, it was the most of UEMS and IPT in the sub-acute group, and IEE and FIM in the recovery group. Conclusion:BTE system intensive training is effective on upper limbs after cervical spinal cord injury. Sub-acute patients may improve more in motor function and explosive power, while patients at recovery stage do better in endurance and activities of daily living. Even stable patients can benefit from it somehow.

Congelamento da marcha e de membros superiores na doença de Parkinson / Freezing of gait and upper limbs in Parkinson's disease

O fenômeno do congelamento é considerado um sintoma incapacitante para indivíduos acometidos pela doença de Parkinson, gerando impactos negativos na mobilidade, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. O congelamento pode acometer membros inferiores (congelamento da marcha) e/ou membros superiores, sendo caracterizado por súbita incapacidade de iniciar ou manter a amplitude dos movimentos. A fisiopatologia do congelamento ainda não é compreendida, porém atribui-se às alterações em diferentes estruturas neuroanatômicas, tais como: núcleo pedúnculo-pontino, locus ceruleus, circuitaria dos núcleos da base, pedúnculo cerebelar e córtices cerebrais e sistema límbico. Fatores que contribuem para o surgimento do congelamento são: tempo de duração da doença, idade avançada, subtipo acinético-rígido da doença, ansiedade ou depressão, perfil de tratamento farmacológico. Sugere-se que o congelamento da marcha e dos membros superiores compartilhem das mesmas características espaço-temporais. A avaliação clínica do congelamento da marcha é melhor estabelecida quando comparada com a avaliação do congelamento dos membros superiores. Estratégias para minimizar o fenômeno do congelamento são descritas no presente artigo.

The phenomenon of freezing is a disabling symptom for subjects with Parkinson's disease, causing impairment in mobility, functionality and quality of life. Freezing may affect lower limbs (freezing of gait) or upper limbs, and is characterized by sudden inability to initiate or maintain range of motion. The pathophysiology of freezing is not yet understood, but it is attributed to changes in different neuroanatomical structures, such as: pedunculopontine nucleus, locus ceruleus, basal ganglia circuitry, pedunculocerebellar and cerebral cortices and limbic system. Factors that contribute to the appearance of freezing are: advanced age, akinetic-rigid subtype of the disease, anxiety or depression, pharmacological treatment strategies. It is suggested that the freezing of gait and upper limbs share the same spatiotemporal characteristics. The clinical evaluation of freezing of gait is better established when compared to the freezing of upper limbs. Strategies to minimize the phenomenon of freezing are described in this article.

Caracterização das pessoas amputadas de um hospital de grande porte em Recife (PE, Brasil) / Characterization of amputees at a large hospital in Recife, PE, Brazil

A amputação de membros pode ser definida como um procedimento que consiste em separar do corpo um membro ou segmento dele. Objetivos Descrever o perfil dos procedimentos de amputações de membros realizados em um hospital estadual de grande porte. Métodos Estudo transversal do tipo descritivo e retrospectivo realizado em um hospital de grande porte da cidade de Recife (PE). Os dados foram coletados em registros de pacientes que foram submetidos à amputação no ano de 2017. Foram incluídos pacientes que tiveram seu membro amputado em 2017 e excluídos aqueles com informações ilegíveis ou incompletas. Resultados Foram realizados 328 procedimentos em 274 pacientes, a maioria do gênero masculino (57,7%). Houve predominância de amputações em membros inferiores (64,2%), de causa não traumática (86,5%) e atendimentos de urgência (96,4%). A maioria dos pacientes submetidos a amputações ficaram internados por um período de 11 a 25 dias (32,1%). Este estudo mostrou que a maioria das pessoas amputadas recebeu alta (69,7%) e uma parte foi a óbito, sendo os óbitos, no caso das amputações de membros inferiores, principalmente de pessoas idosas na faixa etária de 60 a 90 anos (76%), do sexo feminino (55%), e submetidas a uma amputação (91%). Conclusões Os dados apresentados neste estudo são alarmantes, principalmente ao se considerar que muitas das amputações poderiam ter sido evitadas, visto que foram decorrentes de complicações de doenças cuja prevenção e controle podem ser realizados em outros níveis de complexidade do sistema e com custo relativamente baixo

Limb amputation can be defined as a procedure that consists of separating a limb or a segment of a limb from the body. Objectives To describe the profile of limb amputation procedures performed at a large hospital run by the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Methods Cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study conducted at a large hospital in the city of Recife, PE. Data were collected from the records of patients who underwent amputations during 2017. Records from patients who had had a limb amputation during 2017 were included, unless data were illegible or missing. Results A total of 328 procedures were performed on 274 patients, the majority of whom were male (57.7%). There was a predominance of lower limb amputations (64.2%), of non-traumatic causes (86.5%), and urgent treatment (96.4%). The majority of patients who underwent amputations remained in hospital for 11 to 25 days (32.1%). The study found that the majority of amputees were discharged (69.7%), although a proportion died. Deaths of lower limb amputees were primarily among elderly women in the age range of 60 to 90 years (76%), females (55%), and patients subjected to a single amputation (91%). Conclusions The data observed in this study are alarming, particularly considering that many of these amputations could have been avoided, since they were caused by complications of diseases that can be prevented and controlled at healthcare services of a lower level of complexity and at a relatively low cost

Application of upper limbs-raised position in CT examination of airway foreign body in children / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To confirm the effect of the relative position between upper limbs and cervicothoracic vertebrae on image quality and radiation dose while performing airway CT examination of children with airway foreign bodies.@*Methods@#One hundred and three children, aged from 1 to 48 months were enrolled prospectively and divided into 3 groups according to the position of upper limbs.In group A, the upper limbs were raised beside the cervical vertebra, in group B, the upper limbs were placed beside the thoracic vertebra, and in group C, the upper limbs were raised about 45 degrees with sponge pads and placed beside the chest. Data were acquired by Philips 128iCT, and CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were recorded and compared among three groups. The image qualities were evaluated subjectively and objectively.@*Results@#Subjective score of cervical image quality in group B (4.33±0.72) and group C (4.19±0.63) were higher than that in group A (3.71±0.66), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.19、-2.61, P<0.05). Subjective score of chest image quality in group A (4.21±0.47) was higher than that in group B (3.71±0.39) and group C (3.92±0.42), and group C was higher than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant (Z= -1.71, -2.08, P<0.05). The difference of DLP in group B (57.7±6.8) mGy·cm was higher than that in group A (51.6±7.6) mGy·cm and group C (51.3±6.3) mGy·cm, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group C (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Raising upper limbs 45 degrees and placing them beside the chest will improve the CT image quality of airway and reduce the radiation dose.

Application of upper limbs-raised position in CT examination of airway foreign body in children / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To confirm the effect of the relative position between upper limbs and cervicothoracic vertebrae on image quality and radiation dose while performing airway CT examination of children with airway foreign bodies. Methods One hundred and three children, aged from 1 to 48 months were enrolled prospectively and divided into 3 groups according to the position of upper limbs. In group A, the upper limbs were raised beside the cervical vertebra, in group B, the upper limbs were placed beside the thoracic vertebra, and in group C, the upper limbs were raised about 45 degrees with sponge pads and placed beside the chest. Data were acquired by Philips 128iCT, and CT dose index (CTDIvol ) and dose-length product ( DLP ) were recorded and compared among three groups. The image qualities were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Results Subjective score of cervical image quality in group B (4. 33±0. 72) and group C (4. 19± 0. 63) were higher than that in group A (3. 71 ± 0. 66), and the difference was statistically significant (Z = -3. 19、 -2. 61, P<0. 05) . Subjective score of chest image quality in group A (4. 21±0. 47) was higher than that in group B (3. 71± 0. 39) and group C (3. 92± 0. 42), and group C was higher than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant ( Z =-1. 71, -2. 08, P<0. 05). The difference of DLP in group B (57. 7±6. 8) mGy·cm was higher than that in group A (51. 6±7. 6) mGy·cm and group C (51. 3±6. 3) mGy·cm, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference between group A and group C (P>0. 05). Conclusions Raising upper limbs 45 degrees and placing them beside the chest will improve the CT image quality of airway and reduce the radiation dose.

Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances the effect of task-oriented training in the rehabilitation of upper limb dysfunction after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) before or during task-oriented training on the upper limb dysfunction of stroke survivors.Methods Ninety stroke survivors were randomly divided into groups A,B and C,each of 30.Those in all the three groups received the same task-oriented training,but those in groups A and B received 20 minutes of tDCS of the M1 area of the cerebrum before and during the task-oriented training respectively.Group C was given placebo stimulation during the task-oriented training.The Fugl-Meyer functional upper limb assessment (FMA-UE),a Hong Kong hemiplegia upper limb function test (FTHUE-HK) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate the outcomes before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results After 4 weeks of treatment the average FMA-UE,FTHUE-HK and MBI scores of all three groups were significantly better than those before the treatment.Group B's average scores were significantly better than those of groups A and C.Conclusion tDCS significantly enhances the benefits of task-oriented training after stroke.

Effects of Robot-assisted Therapy Combined with Mirror Therapy on Upper Limbs Rehabilitation in Patients with Hemiplegia after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effects of robot-assisted therapy combined with mirror therapy (MT) on upper limbs in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods:From January, 2017 to June, 2018, 56 patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 28) and observation group (n = 28). The control group received conventional therapy, and the treatment group received robot-assisted therapy combined with MT, additionally. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and four weeks after treatment. Results:Four weeks after treatment, the scores of FMA-UE, WMFT and MBI were better in both groups (t > 2.959, P < 0.05), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (t > 4.732, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Robot-assisted therapy combined with MT could improve the function of upper limb and activities of daily living in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation after Stroke: A Case Report / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb and hand function after stroke. Methods:A patient after right basal ganglia hemorrhage accepted intermittent routine rehabilitation for more than three months, and did not satisfy in upper limb and hand function recovery. Then, he accepted rTMS combined with MT for six weeks. He was assessed with Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, limb function evaluation of hemiplegia, modified Ashworth Scale, modified Barthel Index, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test before and after treatment. Results:The patient improved in motor function, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test, with spasm relief after treatment. Conclusion:rTMS combined with MT can be applied for rehabilitation of upper limbs and hands after stroke.

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation after Stroke: A Case Report / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb and hand function after stroke. Methods:A patient after right basal ganglia hemorrhage accepted intermittent routine rehabilitation for more than three months, and did not satisfy in upper limb and hand function recovery. Then, he accepted rTMS combined with MT for six weeks. He was assessed with Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, limb function evaluation of hemiplegia, modified Ashworth Scale, modified Barthel Index, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test before and after treatment. Results:The patient improved in motor function, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and Jebsen Hand Function Test, with spasm relief after treatment. Conclusion:rTMS combined with MT can be applied for rehabilitation of upper limbs and hands after stroke.